The village developed mainly in Gallo-Roman times, near the crossroads of two important Roman roads: the road linking Basel to Strasbourg, and the road leading to Baden. In 891, the village is first mentioned as Yebinesheim. The Thirty Years' War and the plague decimated the village. Jebsheim benefited from the fertile land of the Alsatian Ried, and its agriculture flourished. Jebsheim became the department's biggest dairy producer and was home to a metalworking industry.